Which two services are commonly listed as related services in an IEP?

• A. Speech-language pathology and occupational therapy
• B. Physical therapy and counseling
• C. Speech-language pathology and counseling
• D. Occupational therapy and physical therapy

Answer: (A)

Related services in an IEP are supports that help a student with a disability access and benefit from special education. Speech-language pathology and occupational therapy are commonly listed together because they address foundational areas that often limit classroom participation. Speech-language pathology helps with communication—speaking, understanding language, social communication, and related skills that affect how a student interacts and learns in class. Occupational therapy focuses on fine motor skills, handwriting, sensory processing, and other daily tasks that enable a student to participate in classroom activities and complete assignments. When a student needs both improved communication and better functional performance to access instruction, these two services frequently appear on the IEP.

Other valid related services exist, such as physical therapy or counseling, and there are cases where pairing different services fits a student’s needs. However, the combination of speech-language pathology and occupational therapy is the most commonly listed duo because it covers key areas—communication and functional task performance—that many students require to participate effectively in school.